A Media Access Control (MAC) address is a 48-bit physical identifier assigned to Network Interface Controllers (NICs) operating at the OSI Data Link Layer (Layer 2).
Bit 0 of the first octet indicates transmission scope: 0 signifies Unicast (directed to a single host), while 1 indicates Multicast or Broadcast (flooded to multiple nodes).
Modern mobile operating systems (iOS and Android) randomize MAC addresses when scanning Wi-Fi networks by setting the Locally Administered bit (Bit 1) to prevent physical tracking.